![]() ![]() The reverse situation is one reason for the prevalence of buffer overflow attacks: even if a given mapping does not specify execution permission, the processor may allow execution anyway. Portable programs should always set PROT_EXEC if they intend to execute code in the mapping. Of course, relying on such behavior is not portable. Until recently, the x86 architecture was one such system. On those systems, PROT_READ implies PROT_EXEC. In that case, the processor may have only a single “read” flag. It is common, for example, for a processor to not differentiate between the actions of reading and executing. While POSIX defines three protection bits (read, write, and execute), some architectures support only a subset of these. Protection Flags, Architectures, and Security ![]() We will cover the functions malloc() and free() in Chapter 9. The readv() and writev() functions behave the same as read() and write(), respectively, except that multiple buffers are read from or written to.Įach iovec structure describes an independent disjoint buffer, which is called a segment: #include struct iovec free ( events ) The writev() function writes at most count segments from the buffers described by iov into the file descriptor fd: #include ssize_t writev ( int fd, const struct iovec * iov, int count ) fonts, virtual desktops, window focus, input devices, monitors, languages, etc. The readv() function reads count segments from the file descriptor fd into the buffers described by iov: #include ssize_t readv ( int fd, const struct iovec * iov, int count ) Operating systems are complicated, and Bodhi Linux is no exception. The Linux implementation satisfies all of the goals listed in the previous section. In addition, all the tabs, with the exception of the System and Startup tabs, include a plethora of customization and view options for tinkerers, and, from the general settings, you can set the update interval in seconds, chart data history, enable or disable the ability to remember the last opened tab, last selected hardware and window size, and set a default tab and sub-tab to view when opening the app.POSIX 1003.1-2001 defines, and Linux implements, a pair of system calls that implement scatter/gather I/O. terminating a process, stopping or reloading a service, etc.). The Users tab lets you manage logged-in, as well as logged-out users, and from the System tab, you can view detailed information about your GNU/Linux operating system.Įach tab, with the exception of the Performance tab’s CPU, RAM, disk, network, and GPU sub-tabs and the System tab, includes a search functionality to make it easier to find the items you want to interact with (e.g. From the Startup and Services tabs, which are similar in functionality with the Processes tab, you can manage user-specific or system-wide startup applications, as well as loaded or non-loaded systemd services. The Processes tab lets you manage all of your running processes or the processes or other users if you have root (system administration) access. The Performance tab gives you detailed info about your computer’s CPU, RAM, disk, network, GPU, and sensors like temperature, fans, and voltage (if available). System Monitoring Center’s interface uses tabs to provide you with monitoring and management functionality of said hardware and software. The app comes with a more than generous graphical user interface that displays all sorts of details about your computer’s hardware and software, including but not limited to CPU, GPU, RAM, disk, network, processes, services, startup, system sensors, general system information, and users. Written in GTK and Python, System Monitoring Center is a powerful system performance and usage monitoring software that comes with a lot of unique and interesting features if you’re looking for a more complex system monitoring utility for your GNU/Linux desktop. Developer Hakan Dündar informs about his new open-source and free app that lets you monitor the performance and usage of your Linux desktop, System Monitoring Center.
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